A review of 62 clinical trials involving adults living with HIV evaluated the safety, virological effects, and therapeutic potential of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Early studies confirmed that bNAbs are generally safe but provided only temporary reductions in viral load due to rapid viral escape. Newer agents such as VRC01, 3BNC117, and dual-bNAb combinations like 3BNC117 plus 10-1074 achieved stronger and more sustained suppression, though resistance remained a significant barrier.
More recent trials combining bNAbs with latency-reversing agents or using multi-antibody regimens demonstrated delayed viral rebound and improved CD8+ T-cell responses, suggesting potential pathways toward long-term remission. Although bNAbs show promise as adjuncts or alternatives to antiretroviral therapy, challenges including viral resistance, high manufacturing costs, and scalability limit current applicability. Continued development of more potent and durable bNAbs is essential to advance HIV management and explore possibilities for sustained remission.
Keywords: HIV treatment, broadly neutralizing antibodies, viral suppression, HIV immunotherapy