Stem cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These pluripotent cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, which are essential for cardiac repair. Research has demonstrated that stem cell therapy can significantly improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduce major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The regenerative potential of stem cells is attributed to their paracrine effects, which promote angiogenesis, reduce apoptosis, and modulate inflammation at the infarct site. Recent advancements in stem cell research have focused on enhancing the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. Preconditioning and genetic modification of stem cells have shown promise in improving their survival and functional integration within the hostile environment of the infarcted heart. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been identified as potent mediators of cardiac repair due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules that facilitate tissue regeneration. Clinical trials are ongoing to determine the optimal timing, dosage, and delivery mechanisms for stem cell therapy in MI patients. As the field progresses, stem cell therapy holds the potential to revolutionize the treatment of myocardial infarction, offering a viable solution to restore cardiac function and improve patient outcomes.
In this Cochrane Review authors determine the safety and efficacy of autologous adult bone marrow‐derived stem cells as a treatment for AMI with focus on clinical outcomes:
The conclusion is :
“There is evidence that when autologous bone marrow‐derived cells are administered to patients who have undergone primary angioplasty following AMI, mortality is not reduced. However, the number of events is very low, so any difference observed between treatments would be small. We do not expect that future trials in line with this review will change the outcomes, therefore new clinical trials may wish to focus on other strategies or patient populations.”
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