The common cold is a short-lived viral respiratory infection characterized by symptoms such as nasal congestion, mucus discharge, sneezing, sore throat, cough, and overall discomfort. Due to its high prevalence, colds pose a significant public health challenge, leading to decreased work productivity and increased school absenteeism. Unfortunately, no definitive interventions exist to prevent colds or significantly reduce their duration. However, zinc supplements are frequently suggested and consumed for this purpose.
Zinc symbolized as Zn with atomic number 30, is a vital trace element that plays a multitude of roles in the human body. Unlike some nutrients, our bodies cannot produce or store zinc, necessitating a consistent supply through our diet or supplements. This essential mineral is involved in various processes, including gene expression, enzymatic reactions, immune function, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and wound healing. Research indicates that zinc boosts the immune system by stimulating immune cells and reducing oxidative stress
ThisCochrane Review evaluates the efficacy and safety of zinc as a preventive measure and treatment option for the common cold:
- Zinc for Prevention:
- Compared to placebo, zinc supplementation may have little to no impact on preventing colds
- Preventative zinc likely doesn’t significantly affect the duration of a cold once it has been contracted.
- Zinc probably doesn’t significantly alter the severity of cold symptoms.
- Common side effects reported by both zinc and placebo groups include irregular taste and stomach upset.
- Zinc for Treatment:
- Zinc taken during a cold may reduce symptom duration by approximately two days compared to placebo
- The impact of zinc on cold symptom severity remains unclear
- Negative side effects (such as taste irregularities and stomach upset) were more frequent with zinc treatment than with placebo.
- Intranasal zinc did not lead to anosmia (loss of smell), but specific side effects information is uncertain.
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